Metals & alloys · Titanium & zirconium alloys
Ti–6Al–4V
The most widely used α+β titanium alloy, combining high specific strength, corrosion resistance, fatigue performance and a mature aerospace and medical processing base.
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01
Overview
- Material class
- Metals & alloys
- Category
- Titanium & zirconium alloys
- Family
- Titanium Alloy
- Product forms
- Sheet/plate, Bar/rod, Casting, Powder/feedstock
Composition
| Constituent | Min | Max | Typical | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al | 5.5 | 6.75 | 6 | |
| V | 3.5 | 4.5 | 4 | |
| Fe | 0.3 | 0.2 | ||
| O | 0.2 | 0.15 | ||
| C | 0.08 | 0.03 | ||
| N | 0.05 | 0.02 | ||
| H | 0.015 | 0.005 | ||
| Ti | Balance |
02
Properties and conditions
Engineering properties
| Property | Value | Unit | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 4.43 | g/cm³ | Representative; verify product form and condition |
| Elastic modulus | 110–114 | GPa | Representative; verify product form and condition |
| Thermal conductivity | 6.7–7.2 | W/m·K | Representative; verify product form and condition |
| Yield strength | ~828–1034 | MPa | annealed to solution-treated/aged; product dependent |
| Tensile strength | ~895–1100 | MPa | condition dependent |
| Elongation | 8–15 | % | product and condition dependent |
Conditions
Beta annealed
Coarse transformed-beta condition; cycle and section size required.
HIP treated
Hot-isostatically pressed additive condition.
LPBF as-built
As-built martensitic or transformed microstructure depending on process.
Mill annealed
Common wrought reference condition.
Solution treated and aged
Higher-strength heat-treated condition.
03
Processing and use
Processing
- Oxygen, hydrogen and alpha-case control are critical.
- Forging and heat treatment control primary alpha morphology and fatigue behaviour.
- Additive route qualification must address texture, defects and surface condition.
Applications
- Aircraft structures
- Engine components
- Medical implants
- High-performance fasteners
Selection considerations
- Notch sensitivity, dwell fatigue and fretting require duty-specific assessment.
- Avoid contamination during hot processing and welding.
Open in an analysis tool
04
Standards and related materials
Standards and designations
| System | Designation | Note |
|---|---|---|
| UNS | R56400 | |
| ASTM | B265/B348/B381/F1472 | product and medical forms |
| AMS | 4911/4928 | sheet/bar examples |
| EN | 3.7165 |
Other names
- Ti-6Al-4V
05
Sources and context
Sources
- ASTM and AMS Ti-6Al-4V product specificationsExisting reference
- IMMES Simulation Lab nominal chemistryExisting reference
- NASA materials selection resourcesApplication reference
- U.S. Department of Energy lightweight materials programApplication reference
- U.S. FDA materials and biocompatibility guidance resourcesApplication reference
Confirm the applicable specification, product form and condition before using values for design or procurement.
Supply and sustainability
Mature but higher-cost supply chain; aerospace and medical grades require traceable melt and conversion routes.
High buy-to-fly ratios make recycling of machining swarf and near-net-shape processing especially valuable.
Strategic context
Established engineering material with documented processing–performance relationships.