Biomaterials: Performance Inside the Body
Frame biomaterial selection through mechanics, chemistry, biology and clinical function.
Biocompatibility is contextual
A material is not universally biocompatible. Response depends on location, duration, surface state, degradation products and patient factors.
Mechanical compatibility
Implants must carry load without excessive stiffness mismatch, wear debris or fatigue damage.
Surface interactions
Protein adsorption and cell response begin at the surface. Chemistry, roughness and coatings can dominate biological behaviour.
Permanent and degradable systems
Metals, ceramics and polymers may be designed for long-term stability or controlled resorption.
Engineering takeaway
Evaluate the complete device–tissue system, including sterilisation, manufacturing defects and the biological consequences of wear or corrosion.